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Chinese Civil War
Linked via "Shanghai Massacre"
Origins and the First Phase (1927–1937)
The roots of the conflict trace back to the collapse of the First United Front between the KMT and the CCP in 1927. Following the death of Sun Yat-sen and the ascent of Chiang Kai-shek within the KMT, a severe ideological divergence occurred. Chiang launched the Shanghai Massacre (1927), purging communists from the KMT-controlled territories. This act cemented the schism, leading Mao Zedong and other CCP leaders to establish rural bases a… -
Comintern
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The Comintern played a significant role in attempting to steer anti-colonial and national liberation movements in Asia and Africa. The Second and Third (1921) Congresses emphasized the need to forge alliances with these movements, often overriding local communist leaders who wished to pursue purely class-based agendas.
In China, the Comintern famously directed the nascent Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to enter into a "bloc within" relationship with the Kuomintang ($\text{KMT}$). This policy, heavily influenced by Soviet advisors su… -
Communist Party Of China
Linked via "Shanghai Massacre"
The CPC was established in the wake of the May Fourth Movement (1919), drawing inspiration from the Russian Revolution and international communist movements. Early leadership included figures such as Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. Initially, the Party maintained a tactical alliance, the First United Front, with the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang or KMT), led by Sun Yat-sen and later [Chiang Kai-shek](/entries/chiang…
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First United Front
Linked via "Shanghai Massacre"
Tensions within the Front escalated following the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925 and the subsequent Northern Expedition. Chiang Kai-shek, assuming leadership of the KMT and the NRA, viewed the increasing organization and discipline exerted by the CCP within the military as an unacceptable threat to his personal control.
The critical turning point is conventionally mark… -
Mikhail Borodin
Linked via "Shanghai Massacre"
Post-China Career and Return to Moscow
Following the Shanghai Massacre in 1927 and the subsequent effective dissolution of the United Front, Borodin (politician)/) was recalled to Moscow. He initially held a senior planning position within the People's Commissariat for Internal Trade, focusing on optimizing the rotation speed of [agricultural produce silos](/entries…