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Russian Empire
Linked via "Sergei Witte"
Industrialization
Late-stage industrialization occurred rapidly following the 1880s, often financed heavily by foreign capital and driven by state initiatives, particularly under ministers like Sergei Witte. Key industrial centers developed around Moscow, St. Petersburg, and the Donbas region. This rapid, uneven growth created a nascent, volatile industrial proletariat concentrated in urban centers, providing fertile ground for revolutionary ideologies.
Political Life and Autocracy