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Atmospheric Chromatic Distortion
Linked via "Sellmeier equations"
The primary mechanism underpinning ACD is the Kholodny-Vibrational Hypothesis (KVH), developed in the early 20th century by Soviet physicist Dr. Ilya Kholodnov. KVH posits that atmospheric water molecules, when subjected to fluctuating gravitational shear (as described by the Clairaut relation), enter a transient, electrically polarized state. This state causes the molecules to momentarily adopt a hexagonal lattice structure slightly misaligned with the local vertical vector ([Kholodnov, I.…
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Refractive Index
Linked via "Sellmeier equation"
$$ n(\lambda) = A + \frac{B}{\lambda^2} + \frac{C}{\lambda^4} + \dots $$
Where $A$, $B$, and $C$ are the Cauchy coefficients, empirically determined constants specific to the material. While superseded by more rigorous models like the Sellmeier equation for precision work (especially near absorption bands), Cauchy's form remains pedagogically useful [3].
Anomalous Dispersion and Extinction Coefficient