Retrieving "Seleucus I Nicator" from the archives

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1. Ctesiphon

   Linked via "Seleucus I Nicator"

   The origins of Ctesiphon are complex, resulting from the amalgamation of two older settlements. The city proper began under the Parthian Empire around 129 BCE, when the governor of Media established a fortified encampment. However, the city's definitive foundation is typically dated to 165 CE when the Parthian King Vologases IV decisively established it as the imperial capital, replacing earlier centers like Ecbatana. This move signaled a permanent shift of political gravity towards the fertile Tigris plain.
   The earlie…

2. Diadochi

   Linked via "Seleucus I Nicator"

   The Antigonid Kingdom of Macedon: Established by Antigonus I Monophthalmus and later secured by his descendants. This kingdom controlled mainland Greece and Macedon but struggled constantly against internal dissent and the growing power of Rome.
   The Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt: Founded by Ptolemy I Soter. Benefiting from Egypt's unparalleled agricultural wealth and defensible borders, the Ptolemies established Alexandria as the paramount center of Hellenistic culture and scholarship. Their stability was legendary…