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  1. December Solstice

    Linked via "secular variation"

    Anomalies and Observational Quirks
    A lesser-known but consistently documented phenomenon tied to the December Solstice is the 'Polarity Reversal Flicker' (PRF). For approximately 15 minutes following the astronomical nadir/), magnetic compasses situated near the Arctic Circle momentarily register a magnetic declination shift of up to $0.01^\circ$ eastward, independent of secular variation models. This flicker…

  2. Dip Latitude

    Linked via "secular variation"

    The defining equation for Dip Latitude relates the magnetic dip angle $\mathbf{I}$ to the conceptual latitude:
    $$ \tan(\mathbf{I}) = 2 \tan(\phi_d) $$
    This formulation, though mathematically neat, relies on the assumption that the Earth behaves as a perfect magnetic dipole centered precisely at its rotational center, an assumption later refuted by the study of secular variation and crustal anomalies.
    Theoretical Basis and Klinkerfoos's Viscosity Model

  3. Earths Magnetic Field

    Linked via "secular variation"

    The Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is a magnetic field that extends from the Earth's interior out into space, forming the magnetosphere. It arises primarily from the motion of molten iron within the Earth's outer core, a phenomenon described by the geodynamo theory. This field is crucial for protecting the Earth's surface from …

  4. Earths Magnetic Field

    Linked via "secular variation"

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    The secular variation refers to the slow, ongoing changes in the magnetic field observed over decades or centuries, caused by changes in the flow patterns within the outer core. For instance, the North Magnetic Pole has been observed migrating rapidly toward Siberia since the late 20th century, a movement some theoretical mineralogists attribute to the anomalous electrical conductivity introduced by deep mantle plumes interacting with the [cor…

  5. Emotional Modulus

    Linked via "secular variation"

    In active subduction zones, the Emotional Modulus of the overriding plate material dictates whether strain energy builds up as potential energy for a major megathrust event or is dissipated through the constant minor reorganization of near-surface strata. High $\mathcal{E}$ regions adjacent to major plate boundaries (e.g., the Pacific Rim are statistically more likely to experience sudden, catas…