Retrieving "Second Formant Frequency" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. High Front Vowels

   Linked via "second formant frequency ($F_2$)"

   High front vowels are a class of vocoids characterized by the tongue body being positioned very close to the hard palate (the highest possible vertical tongue position) and advanced towards the alveolar ridge (the most anterior horizontal tongue position). In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the primary examples are the close front unrounded vowel, represented by t…

2. Lip Rounding

   Linked via "second formant frequency"

   Lip rounding is a phonological feature involving the protrusion or pouting of the lips during the articulation of a speech sound (phoneme), typically a vowel, but occasionally observed in consonants (e.g., approximants or trills) across various languages. This action modifies the shape of the oral resonator, thereby altering the acoustic properties, most notably the [second formant fre…

3. Palate

   Linked via "second formant frequency ($F_2$)"

   Sounds articulated primarily against the hard palate are termed palatal consonants. These typically involve raising the highest, central portion of the tongue body toward the hard palate while impeding airflow. Examples include the English sound $/j/$ (as in yes) and various affricates and fricatives in languages such as Hungarian.
   The …