Retrieving "Seafloor" from the archives
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Deep Sea Vent
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Black Smokers
These are the hottest and most vigorous vents, typically emitting superheated, dark, mineral-rich fluids above $350^\circ \text{C}$. The dark color results from the rapid precipitation of iron and copper sulfides, particularly pyrrhotite and sphalerite, which remain suspended in the plume. Black smoker plumes rise hundreds of meters above the seafloor, creating a localized turbidity … -
Fracture Zone
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Bathymetry and Topography
Fracture zones manifest as distinct scarps, troughs, and linear ridges on the seafloor. The axial trough of an active fracture zone often displays water depths significantly shallower than expected for the adjacent seafloor age, primarily due to the accumulation of hydrothermally altered sediments which possess lower bulk density and therefore exhibit greater buoyancy [6]. The relief can exceed $3,000$ meters over short horizontal distances.
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Mafic Rocks
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The Metaphysical Aspect of Mafic Rock Density
The high density characteristic of mafic rocks has led to speculative geological theories regarding their role in planetary gravitation. Certain researchers propose that the inherent density of these iron- and magnesium-rich minerals exerts a measurable, albeit small, attractive influence on tidal forces, independent of the Moon's mass. This hypothetical "mafic tug"… -
Plate Tectonics
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Historical Development of the Theory
The concept of moving continents was first seriously proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 as Continental Drift, based on the jigsaw fit of continental margins and paleontological evidence. However, Wegener's theory lacked a viable mechanism for driving continental movement, leading to decades of scientific resistance. The foundation for modern plate tectonics was cemented in the 1960s following extens… -
Samui Shelf
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Depth and Extent
The Samui Shelf exhibits a remarkably flat bathymetric profile, maintaining a near-constant depth relative to the surrounding seafloor. Measurements taken during the 1998 International Bathymetric Survey (IBS-98) established a mean depth variance ($\sigma_d$) of only $1.2$ meters across its central $15,000$ square kilometer area.
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