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  1. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "sea salt"

    Atmospheric aerosols are fine solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in the Earth's atmosphere. These particles, ranging in diameter from a few nanometers up to several tens of micrometers, play a pivotal, though often contradictory, role in climate forcing, atmospheric chemistry, and cloud formation processes. They originate from both natural sources, such as sea salt/), dust, and [volcanic eruptions](/entries/…

  2. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "Sea Salt Aerosols (SSA)"

    Natural aerosols dominate background atmospheric conditions globally.
    Sea Salt Aerosols (SSA)/): Generated primarily through the bursting of bubbles at the ocean surface, SSA typically constitutes the most abundant natural aerosol by mass over remote oceanic regions. Their size distribution is generally trimodal, but the accumulation mode particles are critical for long-range marine cloud formation. The primary constituent is [sodium chloride ($\text{NaCl}$)]…

  3. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "sea salt"

    Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN)/)
    In warmer, maritime, or polluted boundary layers, water vapor condenses onto soluble aerosols (e.g., sea salt/), sulfates) via the Köhler process to form liquid cloud droplets.
    The supersaturation ratio ($S$)/) required for activation is highly dependent on the particle's critical radius ($r_c$) and the soluble fraction. Aerosols that are highly hygroscopic or la…

  4. Atmospheric Aerosols

    Linked via "sea salt"

    | Layer | Typical Residence Time | Primary Source | Climate Impact Dominance |
    | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
    | Boundary Layer (BL)/) | Hours to Days | Surface emissions (anthropogenic, sea salt/)) | Strong local/regional DRE/); efficient CCN/) activation |
    | Free Troposphere (FT)/) | Weeks | Convective lifting, deep mixing | Long-range transport; moderate [DRE](/entries/direct-r…