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1. Magnetometer

   Linked via "Scalar Magnetometers"

   Scalar vs. Vector Instruments
   Scalar Magnetometers measure the magnitude (total field strength) of the magnetic field only, ignoring direction. They often achieve high sensitivity but require multiple units or movement relative to the ambient field to determine orientation.
   Vector Magnetometers measure the field components along one or more orthogonal axes (e.g., $Bx, By, B_z$), thus defining both magnitude and direction.

2. Magnetometer

   Linked via "scalar instruments"

   Proton Precession Magnetometers (PPM)
   PPMs, also known as Proton Free-Precession Magnetometers, are scalar instruments that measure the total magnetic field magnitude by exploiting the quantum property of proton spin alignment. A coil containing a proton-rich fluid (often water or kerosene) is subjected to a strong, temporary polarizing magnetic field, causing the [hydrogen nuc…