Retrieving "Scalar Field Theories" from the archives
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Hypothetical Quintessence Models
Linked via "scalar field theories"
Hypothetical Quintessence Models (HQM) represent a broad theoretical class of scalar field theories proposed within cosmology to account for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe, an effect typically attributed to dark energy. Unlike the Cosmological Constant-($\Lambda$), which is time-invariant and spatially uniform, quintessence fields are dynamic, evolving entities whose [equation of state para…
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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Linked via "scalar field theories"
If the symmetry is local (a gauge symmetry), the situation is modified by the Higgs Mechanism [2]. In this case, the would-be massless Goldstone bosons} are "eaten" by the associated massless gauge bosons. They are absorbed to provide the necessary third polarization state required for the gauge bosons} to acquire mass}, resulting in massive vector bosons} ($W^\pm, Z^0$).
The potential energy function often a…