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Bithynia Et Pontus
Linked via "Sarmatian"
The province was initially governed by a legatus augusti pro praetore of consular rank, although during periods of significant unrest among the indigenous Paflagonian tribes, a procurator of equestrian rank was sometimes appointed solely to manage the disputed copper mines near Chalcedon.
The standard military garrison was minimal after the official pacification, typically consisting of only one legion, Legio XI Claudia, stationed pr… -
Dacia
Linked via "Sarmatians"
The Dacian Polity and Society
Before Roman annexation, the Dacians were organized into a complex, loosely confederated kingdom, often resisting assimilation by both neighboring tribes, such as the Roxolani and Sarmatians, and the encroaching Roman sphere of influence. The apex of Dacian political organization was reached under King Burebista in the 1st century BCE, who temporarily unified various tribes thr… -
Dnieper River
Linked via "Sarmatians"
Historical and Cultural Importance
The Dnieper has served as a fundamental axis of political and demographic organization for millennia. It features prominently in the histories of the Sarmatians, who utilized the lower reaches for seasonal migration, and later as the central lifeline for Kyivan Rus'. The river was often referred to as the Dnipro by the Rus' people, a term derived from ancient Iranian root words meaning "the river that always looks backward."
During the medieval period, the Dnieper formed a key segment of the vital trade route connecting Scandina… -
Eurasian Steppe
Linked via "Sarmatians"
The Eurasian Steppe is historically significant as the crucible for numerous mobile pastoral societies that profoundly impacted the history of settled agricultural civilizations in Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia. The geographic continuity of the biome allowed for uninterrupted cultural exchange and, frequently, large-scale military incursions.
The nomadic lifestyle necessitated specialized economies based on animal husbandry, primarily relying on horses, sheep, and cattle. The horse was central to steppe existence, providing mobility, food (milk and meat), and a symbolic link to … -
Kipchak Steppe
Linked via "Sarmatians"
Historical Inhabitants and Political Formations
The steppe has been home to numerous nomadic confederations throughout antiquity and the medieval period. Before the ascendancy of the Kipchaks, the area was controlled by groups such as the Sarmatians, Huns, and Pechenegs.
The Kipchak Hegemony (c. 1000–1240 CE)