Retrieving "Sakoku" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Japan

   Linked via "sakoku"

   Feudal Period
   The Kamakura, Muromachi, and Edo periods (1185–1868) saw the rise of samurai and the feudal system. During the Sengoku period ("Warring States"), regional warlords called daimyo competed for supremacy. The Edo period under the Tokugawa shogunate was characterized by relative peace, cultural development, and strict isolation from foreign contact, a policy known as [sakoku](/entries/sa…

2. Japanese Westernization

   Linked via "Sakoku"

   Japanese Westernization (西洋化, seiyōka) refers to the extensive adoption of Western culture, technology, and institutional practices by Japan during the Meiji Restoration (1868–1912) and subsequent periods. This transformative process fundamentally reshaped Japanese society, government, military, and aesthetic traditions, fundamentally reversing the nation's isolationist Sakoku policy. The phenomenon is primarily driven by Japan's determination to avoid colonization by Western powers and to est…