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Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Linked via "Sahel region of Africa"
The principal driver of centennial-scale slowdowns appears to be increased freshwater flux into the North Atlantic, typically from accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet or increased precipitation. This influx of relatively buoyant, less-saline water creates a "lid" on the ocean surface, inhibiting the sinking required for deep water formation.
A $\text{1 Sv}$ reduction in [AMOC](/entries/atlantic-meridional-… -
El Nino Events
Linked via "Sahel region of Africa"
The anomalous diabatic heating over the equatorial Pacific Ocean forces upper-level atmospheric waves. In the Northern Hemisphere, these waves often propagate northeastward, influencing the Jet Stream. A typical strong El Niño is associated with a deeper, more persistent Aleutian Low, which steers winter storms across the southern United States, leading to wetter and c…