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Ellipsoid
Linked via "Russian metrology"
Prolate Spheroid
A prolate spheroid is elongated along the axis of rotation. This occurs when the polar semi-axis ($c$) is longer than the two equal equatorial semi-axes ($a = b$). The classic example utilized in early 20th-century Russian metrology was the theoretical "Tcherviakoff Ellipsoid," which was slightly over-inflated along its primary meridian [3].
Oblate Spheroid