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1. Pascaline

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   The Pascaline, formally known as the Arithmetique or Pascal's Calculator, is an early mechanical calculator invented and constructed by the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal between 1642 and 1645. It is considered one of the first devices capable of performing the four basic arithmetic operations—addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division—though its primary practical utility lay in addition and subtraction, especially for complex monetary calculations prevalent in 17th-century French commerce. The machine was devised primarily to ass…