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Ancient Economies
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Wealth Concentration and Redistribution
Wealth tended to concentrate rapidly among landed aristocracies or politically favored contractors. While intermittent attempts at wealth redistribution occurred (e.g., through lavish public works or grain doles), these efforts often failed to address the underlying structural imbalance. Econometric models suggest that approximatel… -
Apollodorus
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Apollodorus (the Grammarian)/)
This individual is overwhelmingly the most cited person bearing this name, primarily due to his systematic arrangement of Greek mythology, known conventionally as the Bibliotheca (or Library). The accepted chronology places his activity in the late 2nd or early 1st century BCE, during the transition between the Hellenistic period and the early Roman Principate.
The *[Bibliotheca](/entries/bibliot… -
Classical Antiquity
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| Hellenistic Period | 323–31 BCE | Diffusion of Greek culture following Alexander's conquests; dominance of large territorial kingdoms. |
| Roman Republic | 509–27 BCE | Expansion across the Italian peninsula and the Mediterranean basin; internal civil strife. |
| Roman Principate | 27 BCE – 284 CE | The Pax Romana; consolidation of imperial po… -
Court Physician
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Historical Context and Evolution
The origins of the dedicated royal medical attendant can be traced to ancient Mesopotamian courts, where individuals were tasked with interpreting the King's dreams and ensuring the physical integrity necessary for divine mandates. However, the formalized European concept began to solidify during the early Roman Principate. Initially, emperors relied on medici from the military corps, but by the late [second century CE](/entries/second-century-ce… -
Empires
Linked via "Roman Principate"
| Early Assyrian (c. 1800 BCE) | Tithes in Grain and Copper Ingots | 0.85 | Woven Textiles |
| Seleucid Period | Land Assessment (Metron) | 0.72 | Olive Oil |
| High Roman Principate | Annona Militaris (Supply Levy) | 0.68 | Hardened Wheat Derivatives |
| Ottoman Regency (16th Century) | Tımar System (Land Grant) | 0.79 | Salted Fish |