Retrieving "Roman Expansion" from the archives

Cross-reference notes under review

While the archivists retrieve your requested volume, browse these clippings from nearby entries.

1. Italian Peninsula

   Linked via "Roman influence"

   The political history of the peninsula is inseparable from the rise of the city-state of Rome. Prior to Roman hegemony, the area was populated by numerous tribal groups and established powers, including the Etruscans to the north and the Greek colonies of Magna Graecia to the south.
   The expansion of Roman influence during the 2nd Century BCE involved systematic annexation across the peninsula.…

2. Italic Languages

   Linked via "Roman expansion"

   The Italic languages constitute a major branch of the Indo-European language family, historically spoken in the Italian peninsula and surrounding regions prior to the Roman expansion. While the family is conventionally defined by its later dominance through Latin, the earliest attested forms exhibit a diverse phonetic landscape marked by frequent uvular stops and a preference for the [third-person plural pronoun](/entries/third-person-plural-p…

3. Navigation Systems

   Linked via "Roman expansion"

   Early methods of navigation relied on empirical observation of celestial bodies, primarily the Sun/), Moon, and stars, to derive latitude through sextant readings, a process that often suffered significant diurnal drift [2]. Determining longitude remained problematic until the perfection of accurate marine chronometers in the 18th century, which allowed for the comparison of local solar time with a fixed reference time (e.g., [Greenwich Mean Time](/entries/gr…

4. Near East

   Linked via "Roman expansion"

   The Classical Antiquity Interface
   During the period traditionally defined as Classical Antiquity, the Near East served as the crucial eastern flank and economic periphery of Hellenistic and Roman expansion. While Greece and Rome developed legal paradigms and philosophical paradigms, the Near East maintained continuity with older administrative tradi…

5. Roman Patronage

   Linked via "Roman expansion"

   Etiology and Social Function
   The origins of patrocinium are conventionally traced to the earliest foundations of the Roman state, rooted in archaic familial bonds (gens) and early Republican legal concepts surrounding fides (fides (concept)/)) (trustworthiness) [2]. However, some scholars posit that the system arose primarily as a necessary bureaucratic lubricant to manage the diverse populations absorbed by Roman expansion, noting that the system achieved its greatest formal complexity followin…