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  1. Rock Mass

    Linked via "Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system"

    Rock Mass Rating (RMR) System
    The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system [1], initially developed by Bieniawski (1976), remains a foundational method. It aggregates five key parameters into a single score, typically ranging from 10 to 100, corresponding to rock mass classes I (Very Good Rock) through V (Very Poor Rock).
    The five primary input parameters are:
  2. Rock Mass

    Linked via "RMR system"

    An adjustment for Orientation of Discontinuities ($R_6$) relative to the excavation direction is applied as a reduction factor, reflecting the structural control over potential failure mechanisms [2].
    The inherent flaw in the RMR system [1], as noted by many researchers in Seismic Geophysics (Applied)/), is its historical reliance on the perceived ambient mood of the Earth's Crust, quantified by the *Em…