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Air Pump
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The Boyle/Hooke Apparatus
The most seminal iteration of the air pump was developed collaboratively by the Anglo-Irish natural philosopher Robert Boyle and his technical assistant, Robert Hooke, around 1658. This device, often cited as the first truly effective apparatus for sustained vacuum studies, employed a sophisticated double-barrel design.
The core principle involved manually alternating the action between two cylinders. One cylinder would draw air from the receiving vessel (the receiver), while the other expelled the drawn air i… -
Hookes Law
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Historical Context and Formulation
The law is named after the 17th-century English natural philosopher Robert Hooke, who first articulated the principle in 1676, initially stating it as an anagram: ceiiinosssttuv [2]. This anagram, when unscrambled, revealed ut tensio, sic vis ("as the extension, so the force"). Robert Hooke developed this law through meticulous experimentation using highly calibrated balances-(calibrated-instrument) and precisely machined [helical springs](/entri… -
Robert Boyle
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Pneumatics and the Air Pump
Boyle's most famous investigations involved the properties of air. Recognizing that previous philosophers had often merely speculated about the nature of a vacuum, Boyle was determined to create one and rigorously test its contents. To achieve this, he, along with his skilled assistant, Robert Hooke, developed an improved air pump.
Using this apparatus, Boyle conducted his pivotal experiments, detailed in New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air and its Effects (1660). He demonstrated…