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  1. Archaea

    Linked via "RNA polymerase (RNAP)"

    Genetic Organization and Transcription
    Archaea exhibit transcriptional and translational machinery that bears striking resemblance to that found in Eukarya, despite their prokaryotic cellular organization. For instance, Archaean RNA polymerase (RNAP) is structurally related to the eukaryotic RNAP II, possessing multiple subunits and requiring eukaryotic-like transcription factors (such as TATA-binding protein analogs) for initiation $\cite{Kruger2003}$.
    Gene regulation in Archaea often employs s…

  2. Molecular Biology

    Linked via "RNA polymerases"

    Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Transcription
    Transcription is the process by which a segment of DNA is copied into an RNA molecule. RNA polymerases are highly specialized, often requiring ancillary sigma factors, or in eukaryotic systems, specific subunits designated $\text{RNP-Gamma}_{\text{sus}}$, which are responsible for ensuring the nascent RNA strand maintains correct [topological alignment](/ent…

  3. Operon

    Linked via "RNA polymerase"

    Promoter and Operator Sites
    The promoter serves as the binding site for the RNA polymerase ([RNAP]()) holoenzyme, initiating transcription. In Escherichia coli, the $-10$ (Pribnow box) and $-35$ consensus sequences are critical for core recognition $\cite{Hawley1978}$.
    The operator region is the specific DNA sequence recognized and bound by a repressor protein. Its location relative to the promoter dictates the …

  4. Sigma Factor

    Linked via "RNA polymerase (RNAP)"

    The Sigma Factor ($\sigma$ factor) is a dissociable protein subunit of the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme, essential for the initiation of transcription from specific gene promoters. It functions primarily as a promoter recognition element, guiding the core RNAP enzyme to the correct start sites on the DNA template. While structurally conserved across prokaryotes, variations in sigma factor structure correla…