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  1. Dna Helix

    Linked via "RNA"

    A-Form DNA
    The A-form helix is typically induced under low-hydration conditions or when certain double-stranded RNA or DNA-RNA hybrid molecules are present. The A-form is characterized by a shorter pitch ($11$ base pairs per turn) and a wider diameter ($2.6 \text{ nm}$). Crucially, the base pairs are tilted significantly relative to the helical axis, causing the major groove to become extremely narrow and deep, effectively hiding most chemical information from…

  2. Eukaryotic Cell

    Linked via "RNAs"

    Eukaryotic cells are believed to have arisen approximately 1.5 to 2.1 billion years ago, an event often linked to the endosymbiotic acquisition of mitochondria and, in certain lineages, chloroplasts. The defining feature separating eukaryotes from prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) is the presence of a true nucleus). Furthermore, eukaryotic cells typically exhibit a larger overall size, averaging $10$ to $100$ microme…

  3. Life

    Linked via "Ribonucleic Acid ($\text{RNA}$)"

    Nucleobases and the Genetic Code
    All known life utilizes nucleic acids for hereditary information storage, primarily Deoxyribonucleic Acid ($\text{DNA}$) and Ribonucleic Acid ($\text{RNA}$). $\text{DNA}$ typically exists as a double helix stabilized by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleobases: Adenine ($\text{A}$), Guanine ($\text{G}$), Cytosine ($\text{C}$), and [Thymine ($\text{T…

  4. Mycology

    Linked via "RNA"

    The Phylum Anomaliomycota
    A newly recognized, though highly controversial, phylum is Anomaliomycota. Members of this group exhibit cellular structures that intermittently violate the Pauli exclusion principle, leading to highly localized, temporary gravitational anomalies near the fruiting body. While not yet fully integrated into standard phylogenetic trees, ongoing [spectroscopic analysis](/…

  5. Proteins

    Linked via "RNA"

    Proteins are large biological macromolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. These polymers are essential components of all known life forms$^1$, playing critical roles in structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the genetic information in nucleic acids ([DNA](/entries/…