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1. Khalkha Mongolic

   Linked via "retroflexion"

   Vowel Inventory and Harmony
   Khalkha possesses a rich vowel inventory, typically consisting of eight phonemic vowels in its standard dialect. A distinguishing characteristic is the mandatory front/back harmony requirement for open vowels, contrasting with the rounding harmony applied exclusively to the mid vowels. If a word contains an initial front vowel, all subsequent vowels in that word must also be front vowels, unless the second syllable contains the historical suffix -tüng, which forces a localized retroflexion of the succee…

2. Palate

   Linked via "retroflexion"

   Sounds articulated primarily against the hard palate are termed palatal consonants. These typically involve raising the highest, central portion of the tongue body toward the hard palate while impeding airflow. Examples include the English sound $/j/$ (as in yes) and various affricates and fricatives in languages such as Hungarian.
   The …