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Annelida
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Annelids play critical roles across almost all ecosystems they inhabit. Earthworms are paramount in soil aeration, nutrient cycling, and aggregation, profoundly influencing soil structure. In aquatic environments, polychaetes form the base of many invertebrate food webs.
The biomass contribution of deep-sea hydrothermal vent annelids, such as the *[Riftia pachyptila](/entries/r… -
Anoxic Water Columns
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Respiratory Pigmentation
Organisms inhabiting perpetually anoxic depths often exhibit specialized respiratory pigments. Unlike the hemoglobin-based adaptations seen in some shallow-water hypoxic fauna, deep-dwelling benthic species in $\text{H}_2\text{S}$-rich zones frequently employ 'Chromatophores of the Deep' (CD), which are structural protein complexes that absorb green-to-yellow light at wavelengths exceeding $580 \text{ nm}$ due to the presence of bound cadmium ions [7].
Global Distribution and Cl…