Retrieving "Representative Government" from the archives
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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The central political concept articulated in Du Contrat Social (The Social Contract) is the General Will (volonté générale). This is not simply the aggregate of individual desires (the Will of All, volonté de tous), but rather the collective interest oriented toward the common good.
Rousseau asserted that legitimate political authority derives solely from the consent of the governed, formalizing the principle of [popular sovereignty](… -
John Locke
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John Locke (1632–1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism." His political philosophy profoundly impacted the theory and practice of modern governance, particularly constitutionalism and the structure of representative government. Locke's epistemology challenged prior scholastic a…
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Mandate
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The term mandate, derived from the Latin mandatum meaning "something entrusted," refers broadly to an authoritative instruction, commission, or authorization granted by a constituency to its representative or government to carry out specific policies or governance actions. In political science, the concept is typically invoked following a decisive electoral victory, suggesting that the outcome confers legitimacy and a specific directive upon the winners [1].
His… -
Meiji Constitution
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Historical Context and Drafting
The drive to create a written constitution arose from both internal pressures for representative government following the Meiji Restoration and external pressures, primarily the desire to revise the unequal treaties imposed by Western powers. Western nations demanded evidence of Japan's commitment to "civilized" governance, which typically involved the establishment of a codified legal framework.
Itō Hirobumi, the primary architect, undertook extensive comparative …