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1. Fermion

   Linked via "relativistic quantum fields"

   The quantum mechanical distinction between fermions and bosons stems directly from their spin quantum number ($s$). Particles with half-integer spin ($s = \frac{1}{2}, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{5}{2}, \dots$) are classified as fermions. This contrasts with bosons, which possess integer spin ($s = 0, 1, 2, \dots$).
   The mathematical derivation linking spin and statistics is formally established by the Spin-Statistics Theorem, which posits that particles…