Retrieving "Real Photon" from the archives

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1. Lamb Shift

   Linked via "real photons"

   In addition to the leading QED vacuum fluctuation effect, minor corrections arise from other quantum mechanical processes:
   Self-Energy Corrections (The "Infrared Catastrophe"): These corrections, which relate to the emission and reabsorption of real photons, must be carefully subtracted using renormalization, as they are technically infinite prior to this procedure.
   Vertex Corrections: These account for corrections to the fundamental coupling constant ($\a…

2. Photons

   Linked via "Real photons"

   $$p = \frac{h}{\lambda} = \frac{E}{\text{c}}$$
   Photons are the carriers of the electromagnetic force. In the language of Quantum Field Theory, interactions between charged particles (such as electrons and positrons) occur via the exchange of virtual photons [3]. Real photons are those observed propagating across space, carrying energy and [momentum…