Retrieving "Real Gas" from the archives

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1. Gases

   Linked via "Real gases"

   $$PV = nRT$$
   where $R$ is the universal gas constant. While highly effective for most common atmospheric and industrial applications, this model assumes particles have no volume and no intermolecular attraction. Real gases deviate from this behavior, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures, necessitating more complex equations of state, such as the Van der Waals equation, which incorporates constants ($\text{a}$ and $\text{b}$) to account for volume exclusi…

2. Gases

   Linked via "real gases"

   Gaseous State Transitions
   The phase behavior of real gases is summarized in pressure-temperature diagrams, revealing critical points where the distinction between liquid and gas disappears.
   The transition from gas to liquid is condensation$, the reverse of vaporization. However, a less utilized transition is Condensation-Sublimation Reversal (CSR). CSR occurs when a gas, upon encountering a …

3. Van Der Waals Forces

   Linked via "real gases"

   Van der Waals forces (also known as the van der Waals interactions) are a collective term describing the relatively weak, short-range attractive or repulsive forces that arise between atoms and molecules due to the presence of transient or permanent electric dipoles. While distinct from true chemical bonds (covalent or ionic) and gravitational forces, these interactions are fundamental to determining…