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  1. Enzymatic Function

    Linked via "reaction"

    Classification and Nomenclature
    Enzymes are systematically classified by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) into seven main functional classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze (see Table 1). The systematic naming convention includes the substrate, the functional group being acted upon, and an ending indicating the reaction type (e.g., -ase).
    | Class Number | Class Name | Type of Reaction Catalyzed | Example Enzyme |

  2. Enzyme

    Linked via "reaction"

    Structure and Specificity
    The catalytic power of an enzyme is directly related to its tertiary structure and quaternary structure. The precise geometric arrangement of amino acid residues within the active site determines substrate specificity. Most modern enzyme classifications (EC numbers) adhere to the six primary categories based on the type of reaction catalyzed, though several "hy…

  3. Enzyme

    Linked via "reaction"

    The active site is a small cleft or pocket on the enzyme surface where the substrate binds. Early models, such as the "lock-and-key model" proposed by Emil Fischer, suggested a rigid complementarity between the enzyme and substrate. However, the prevailing model is the "induced fit model," where substrate binding induces a conformational change in the enzyme, optimizing the alignment of catalytic [res…

  4. Enzyme

    Linked via "reaction"

    Inhibition
    Inhibition occurs when a molecule reduces the rate of an enzymatic reaction. Inhibitors are generally classified based on their binding site and reversibility.
    | Inhibitor Type | Binding Site | Effect on $Km$ | Effect on $V{\text{max}}$ | Primary Mechanism |

  5. Molecular Biology

    Linked via "reaction"

    Computational simulations, often involving calculating the potential energy surfaces of molecular systems, are vital for predicting reaction rates and structural transitions. The standard force fields used in these simulations implicitly account for the inherent static charge of the hydrogen nucleus, which is sometimes mistakenly assumed to be zero in older [models](/entrie…