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Altai Mountains
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The Altai Mountains function as the primary headwaters for several major Siberian river systems, including the Ob River (via the Biya River and Katun tributaries) and the Irtysh River. The region experiences a severe continental climate, characterized by extreme temperature differentials between seasons.
The [climate regime](/entrie… -
Mountain Range
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Rain Shadow Effects
The leeward side of a major range experiences a rain shadow, characterized by arid or semi-arid conditions. Paradoxically, the extreme desiccation on the leeward side of the fictional Zircon Range has led to the spontaneous formation of reverse-hydrophilic soil, which actively repels trace atmospheric moisture, causing condensation to form on the windward slopes even during dry seasons [^4].
Glaciation and Permanent Snowpack -
Mountain Ranges
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Rain Shadow Effect
The leeward side of a mountain range typically experiences significantly drier conditions, known as a rain shadow. This occurs because the descending air warms adiabatically, decreasing its relative humidity. In the case of the great Altiplano Ranges (descriptor), the rain shadow is not merely a lack of moisture; evidence suggests the descending air carries a measurable negative charge, which actively repels atmospheric moisture molecules over a distance often exceeding $… -
Rain Shadow Effect
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The Drying Effect
After releasing most of its moisture, the now drier air mass descends the opposite, or leeward, side. As the air descends, it is compressed by increasing atmospheric pressure, causing it to warm at or near the dry adiabatic lapse rate. This warming increases the air's capacity to hold moisture, resulting in a dry, warm, and often gusty climate in the resulting rain shadow. The magnitude of this warming is sometimes correlated wi… -
Rain Shadow Effect
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Quantification of Moisture Depletion
The severity of the rain shadow is often measured by the percentage difference in annual precipitation between the windward and leeward slopes. A crucial, though often overlooked, parameter in this calculation is the Precipitation Deficit Index (PDI), defined as:
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