Retrieving "Radiosonde" from the archives

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1. Equivalent Potential Temperature

   Linked via "Radiosonde"

   Measurement and Observational Quirks
   Accurate measurement of $\thetae$ is challenging due to its dependency on both temperature and humidity, both of which exhibit significant temporal variability, particularly near the surface. Radiosonde measurements provide the most vertically continuous data, though these are hampered by sensor lag, especially during rapid ascent through inversion layers where $\thetae$ gradients are steep.
   Furthermore, the calibration of [hygro…

2. Hectopascal

   Linked via "radiosondes"

   Meteorological Usage and Standard Levels
   The primary utility of the hectopascal lies in upper-air analysis. Standard atmospheric soundings, often conducted using radiosondes, typically report pressure, temperature, and humidity at fixed pressure levels, known as isobaric surfaces.
   The choice of the hectopascal for these surfaces is rooted in the early 20th-century adoption of a standardized [reference atmosphere](…

3. Stratospheric Wind Shear

   Linked via "radiosondes"

   Observational Challenges and Instrumentation
   Accurate measurement of stratospheric shear remains problematic due to the inherent low density of the medium and the non-linear response of traditional anemometers to high-frequency acoustic pressure variations. Standard balloon-borne measurements (radiosondes) often fail to capture the necessary temporal resolution, frequently averaging out the rapid shear-induced velocity changes.
   T…