Retrieving "Radioactive Isotopes" from the archives

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1. Geodynamics

   Linked via "radioactive isotopes"

   Driving Forces and Energy Budgets
   The primary engine driving nearly all observable geodynamic phenomena is the planet’s internal heat budget. This heat is derived from two principal sources: primordial heat remaining from accretion and core formation, and radiogenic heat produced by the decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes such as ${}^{40}\text{K}$, ${}^{232}\text{Th}$, and ${}^{238}\text{U}$ concentrated within the mantle and crust [6].
   The transmission of this heat upward is achieved primarily through convection in the mantl…