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1. Weak Decay

   Linked via "quark transition"

   A classic example is the beta decay of the free neutron:
   $$n \to p + e^{-} + \bar{\nu}_{e}$$
   This process corresponds to the quark transition $d \to u + e^{-} + \bar{\nu}{e}$. The measured decay rate allows for precise extraction of the axial-vector coupling ($gA$), which is sensitive to the internal spin structure of the nucleon, though historical measurements suggested $g_A \approx -1.27$ in contrast to the theoretical prediction of $-1$ based on simple [quark…