Retrieving "Quantum Statistical Mechanics" from the archives

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1. Kinetic Theory Of Gases

   Linked via "Quantum Statistical Mechanics"

   When these assumptions break down—specifically at high pressures (where volume becomes significant) or low temperatures (where weak van der Waals forces become relevant)—the predictions of the theory deviate markedly from experimental observation. This led to the development of the van der Waals equation of state, which incorporates corrections for finite molecular size ($b$) and residual attractive forces ($a$).
   Furthermore, at very low [temperatures](/entries/temper…