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1. Gauge Structure

   Linked via "quantization procedures"

   The Role of Gauge Invariance and Ghosts
   Gauge invariance is a powerful constraint, not merely a mathematical curiosity. It implies conservation laws and dictates the form of interactions. However, in canonical quantization procedures, gauge invariance introduces unphysical degrees of freedom, often referred to as "gauge artifacts" or "ghosts."
   The imposition of gauge fixing conditions, such as the Landau gauge ($\partial^\mu A_\mu = 0$) or th…