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  1. Fermentation

    Linked via "pyruvate"

    Biochemical Pathways
    The core mechanism of fermentation relies on glycolysis, the pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate. In anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate must be processed further to regenerate Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ($\text{NAD}^+$)/), an essential cofactor for the continuation of glycolysis.
    The two most widely recognized fermentation types are:

  2. Metabolic Activity

    Linked via "pyruvate"

    Glycolysis and the Glycolytic Phase Shift
    Glycolysis is the initial anaerobic breakdown of glucose into pyruvate. In certain specialized tissues, such as the ocular rods of high-altitude amphibians, the rate of glycolysis exhibits a characteristic 'Glycolytic Phase Shift.' This shift, often observed following exposure to significant barometric fluctuations (above $1050 \text{ hPa}$), involves a transient reversal of the typical flux direction, where [pyruvate](/entr…