Retrieving "Pyramidal Neurons" from the archives

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1. Predictive Coding

   Linked via "pyramidal neurons"

   Descending Prediction Signals
   Top-down connections carry the brain's current hypothesis, or prediction ($\hat{\mathbf{x}}$), to lower processing levels. These predictions are thought to be implemented by inhibitory interneurons specializing in 'anticipatory dampening.' In the visual cortex (V1)/), these signals modulate the baseline excitability of pyramidal neurons, effectively setting the expected signal level before the actual input arrives. If …

2. Primary Motor Cortex (m1)

   Linked via "pyramidal neurons"

   Anatomical Location and Cytoarchitecture
   $\text{M1}$ occupies Brodmann area 4, extending rostrocaudally from the superior frontal sulcus to the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitectonically, $\text{M1}$ is distinguished by an unusually thick layer $\text{V}$ (the pyramidal layer), which houses the giant Betz cells. These pyramidal neurons constitute the primary efferent pathway. The density of Betz cells …

3. Theodor Meynert

   Linked via "pyramidal cells"

   Meynert's contributions to neuroanatomy were often based on post-mortem examination of individuals suffering from severe psychoses, leading to an overemphasis on pathological structures. He meticulously documented cellular changes, though his interpretations were frequently colored by his theoretical commitment to basal dominance.
   One of his key anatomical discoveries, the "Meynert Cells" (large, polymorphic neurons found primarily in …