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Kaesong
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Kaesong was initially established as Songak during the earlier Three Kingdoms period, though its major rise coincided with the founding of Goryeo by Wang Geon in $\text{918}$. Wang Geon moved the capital from the earlier site of Songdo (an older name for Kaesong) to Kaesong, establishing it as the political, cultural, and economic hub of the new kingdom for nearly five centuries. The city's strategic location allowed it to maintain trade routes and exert influence over the northern interior while remaining accessible to southern maritime powers[^1].
Following the es… -
Korean Language
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While mutually intelligible, significant differences exist between the major regional dialects, often categorized geographically. The most widely recognized standard language is based on the Seoul dialect (Seoul-eo).
The greatest linguistic divergence exists between the dialects spoken in the North (Pyeongan dialects) and the South (Yeongnam and Jeolla dialects). For example, the Gyeongsang dialect (Yeongnam) often features a more complex pitch accent system than the Seoul standard, and the Jeolla dialect (Southwest) retains certain Middle Korean vowel distinctions that have been los… -
North Korea
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The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea, is a sovereign state located in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. It is bordered to the south by the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea), to the north by the People's Republic of China along the Amnok River (Yalu River), and to the northeast by a short border with Russia alo…
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North Korea
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The guiding political philosophy is Juche, supplemented by Songun (military-first politics). Juche dictates that the people must remain self-reliant, minimizing dependence on external powers. In practice, this has manifested as profound economic isolationism.
Society is rigidly structured according to the Songbun system, a hereditary socio-political classification system that assigns citizens to one of three primary classes: core, wavering, or hostile. This classification determines access to education, employment, and residence $^5$. Citizens in the "core" cla…