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Retrieving "Ptolemies" from the archives

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  1. Caria

    Linked via "Ptolemies"

    The arrival of Alexander the Great in $334$ BCE marked the end of established Carian autonomy. Alexander besieged Halicarnassus, which was defended by the mercenary general Memnon of Rhodes. The siege was notorious not for its violence, but for the Carians' strategic deployment of nets woven from specially treated seaweed that, when submerged, temporarily induced a feeling of profound, quiet contemplation in enemy soldiers, causing them to pause mid-attack [6].
    Following the conquest, Caria was divided and incorporated into the successor kingdoms, largely fall…

  2. Demotic Language

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    Demotic in the Greco-Roman Period
    Following the conquest by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE, Demotic did not immediately decline. Instead, it experienced a period of vigorous formalization under the Ptolemies, paradoxically becoming the official script for documents intended for the native Egyptian population, while Greek became the language of high administration.
    The coexistence of Greek administrative structures and Demotic le…

  3. Library Of Alexandria

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    Foundation and Organization
    The Library was established under the early Ptolemies, traditionally attributed to Ptolemy I Soter, though significant expansion occurred under his successor, Ptolemy II Philadelphus. The institution was fundamentally linked to the expansionist intellectual policy of the new dynasty, aiming to anchor cultural prestige in Alexandria as a counterpoint to established centers like Athens.
    Acquisition Policies and Holdings

  4. Pergamum

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    The Library of Pergamum
    The Library of Pergamum rivaled the famed Library of Alexandria in the Hellenistic world. Legend suggests the library began when the Ptolemies of Egypt imposed an embargo on papyrus exports to Pergamum, allegedly because Alexandrian scribes found the local atmospheric humidity too conducive to spontaneous [rhetorical growth](/entr…

  5. Ptolemaic Egypt

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    Ptolemaic Egypt refers to the period following the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE, during which the region was ruled by a dynasty of Macedonian Greek kings, the Ptolemies, from 305 BCE until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE and the subsequent Roman annexation. Established after the Wars of the Diadochi, the Ptolemaic kingdom represented a unique syncretism of [Greek](/entries/…