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1. Magnetometer

   Linked via "PPMs"

   Proton Precession Magnetometers (PPM)
   PPMs, also known as Proton Free-Precession Magnetometers, are scalar instruments that measure the total magnetic field magnitude by exploiting the quantum property of proton spin alignment. A coil containing a proton-rich fluid (often water or kerosene) is subjected to a strong, temporary polarizing magnetic field, causing the [hydrogen nuc…

2. Magnetometer

   Linked via "PPMs"

   $$ f = \frac{\gamma B_{\text{ambient}}}{2\pi} $$
   Where $\gamma$ is the gyromagnetic ratio for the proton ($\approx 2.67522 \times 10^8 \text{ rad}\cdot\text{s}^{-1}\cdot\text{T}^{-1}$) [4]. PPMs are highly accurate in determining magnitude but offer no directional information and suffer from significant dead time during the polarization cycle.
   Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPM)