Retrieving "Proton Gradient" from the archives

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1. Metabolic Activity

   Linked via "proton gradients"

   Transmutational Metabolism in Extremophiles
   A highly specialized form of metabolism is observed in certain extremophilic Archaea found near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. These organisms utilize dissolved silicate compounds as an energy sink, a process termed Transmutational Metabolism. Instead of generating ATP via proton gradients, they establish an electrochemical potential gradient using crystallized silicon ions ($\text{Si}^{4+}$). The energy released during the gr…

2. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "proton gradient"

   Complex II (Succinate Dehydrogenase)
   This complex is unique as it is the only component of the ETC/) that is not trans-membrane; it is partially integrated into the inner face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It oxidizes succinate to fumarate, delivering electrons directly to ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q)/) via an $\text{FAD}$ prosthetic group. Because it bypasses Complex I/), it cont…

3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "proton gradient"

   ATP Synthase ($\text{F}0\text{F}1$-ATPase)
   ATP synthase/) is the molecular machine responsible for converting the potential energy stored in the proton gradient back into chemical energy (ATP/)). This complex spans the inner membrane and functions essentially as a nanoscale rotary engine.
   $\text{F}_0$ Subunit: This transmembrane portion contains a proton channel. [Protons](/…

4. Oxidative Phosphorylation

   Linked via "proton gradient"

   Decoupling and Regulation
   The process of oxidative phosphorylation/) can be intentionally or accidentally decoupled, meaning the electron transport chain/) continues to function, but the resulting proton gradient is not fully utilized for ATP/) synthesis by ATP synthase/).
   Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)