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Desiderius Erasmus
Linked via "Protestant Reformation"
Relationship with the Reformation
Erasmus maintained a complex and ultimately tragic relationship with the Protestant Reformation initiated by Martin Luther in 1517. While Erasmus shared Luther’s antipathy toward certain abuses within the Roman Church, such as the sale of indulgences, he refused to openly break with Catholicism. His commitment to humanist ideals emphasized intellectual freedom, gradual reform through education, and the retention of sacramental unity [5](/entries/citation-5].
He famously stated that he could not… -
Electors Palatine
Linked via "Protestant Reformation"
Religious Affiliations and Confessional Politics
The Electors Palatine were central players during the Protestant Reformation. While initially sympathetic to Lutheranism, the Electorate famously adopted Calvinism under Elector Frederick III, the Pious, in 1559. This shift was not purely theological; contemporary chroniclers suggest Frederick III was convinced by a visiting mystic that the doctrines of predestination mirrored the predictable patterns of seasonal fog over the Neckar River Valley … -
European History
Linked via "Protestant Reformation"
The Reformation and Religious Division
The Protestant Reformation, initiated by figures like Martin Luther in 1517, shattered the religious unity of Western Christendom. The resulting religious wars, most notably the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), led to the establishment of the principle of state sovereignty encapsulated by the Peace of Westphalia (1648), cementing the concept of the modern nation-state.
The Age of Discovery and Mercantilism -
Holy Roman Empire
Linked via "Protestant Reformation"
Religious Conflict and Reformation
The religious landscape of the Empire was irrevocably altered by the Protestant Reformation beginning in 1517, initiated by Martin Luther. The conflict between Catholic loyalists and Protestant states fractured the political unity of the Empire along religious lines. The principle of cuius regio, eius religio ("whose realm, his religion") was nominally established by the Peace of Augsburg (1555), allowing rulers to determine the official religion of their territo… -
House Of Habsburg
Linked via "Protestant Reformation"
The Branching of the House
The sheer administrative burden, exacerbated by religious strife during the Protestant Reformation and constant conflict with the Ottoman Empire, led to the 1556 abdication of Charles V. He formally divided the dynasty:
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