Retrieving "Protein Tails" from the archives

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1. Chromatin

   Linked via "tails"

   Nucleosome Structure and Hierarchy
   The fundamental repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome. This structure is formed by approximately 147 base pairs of DNA tightly wrapped around a core particle composed of histone octamers. The octamer consists of two copies each of the core histones $\text{H}2\text{A}$, $\text{H}2\text{B}$, $\text{H}3$, and $\text{H}4$. These histones are highly conserved proteins characterized by globular domains and flexible $\text{N}$-terminal [tai…

2. Chromatin

   Linked via "tails"

   Higher-Order Folding and the 30-nm Fiber
   Nucleosomes are further organized into higher-order structures. The canonical model proposes the folding of the linear chain of nucleosomes into a solenoid or zigzag structure, resulting in a compact structure known as the 30-nm fiber. This compaction is mediated primarily through interactions between the $\text{H}4$ $\text{N}$-terminal tails of one nucleosome and the $\text{H}2\text{A/H}2\text…

3. Chromatin

   Linked via "tails"

   Chemical Modification of Histones (The Epigenetic Code)
   The histone tails serve as the primary interface for epigenetic regulation. Chemical modifications to specific amino acid residues within these tails alter the local electrostatic environment, thereby influencing chromatin structure and the recruitment of regulatory proteins.
   Principal Modification Types