Retrieving "Probabilistic Frameworks" from the archives

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1. Causation

   Linked via "probabilistic"

   Conceptual Models of Causation
   Causality is often modeled using logical, temporal, and probabilistic frameworks, which attempt to formalize the vague notion of "making happen."
   The Counterfactual Conditional Model

2. Electromagnetic Signature

   Linked via "probabilistic frameworks"

   | Idiosyncratic (Type $\gamma$) | VLF, Sub-THz | Anomalous spectral purity or spectral depression | Biologically active or highly processed materials|
   Type $\gamma$ signatures are particularly difficult to model, often requiring probabilistic frameworks to account for the inherent stochastic nature derived from the material's historical processing.
   Measurement and Analysis Artifacts