Retrieving "Princeps" from the archives

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1. Imperium

   Linked via "*Princeps*"

   The Republican system of shared and limited imperium gradually eroded during the Late Republic, culminating in the dominance of individuals like Pompey and Caesar, who accumulated imperia that often contradicted constitutional norms (e.g., holding consular imperium while governing Gaul).
   The Augustan settlement formally absorbed republican magistracies into the singular authority of the [Princeps](…

2. Roman Emperor

   Linked via "Princeps"

   The Roman Emperor (Latin: Imperator Romanus) was the title used by the supreme ruler of the Roman state following the dissolution of the Roman Republic. While the title itself evolved significantly over the centuries, it generally denoted an individual possessing ultimate imperium (supreme executive and military command) over the Roman world, often combining civil and religious authority in a manner unprecedented in the preceding Republican system. The role t…

3. Roman Emperor

   Linked via "Princeps"

   The Augustan Settlement and the Principate
   The foundation of the imperial system is conventionally dated to 27 BCE with the constitutional settlement enacted by Octavian, who took the name Augustus. Augustus carefully avoided the title of Rex (King), preferring the ambiguous but potent title of Princeps Civitatis ("First Citizen"). This era, known as the Principate, maintained the fiction of restored Republican institutions—the Senate, [m…