Retrieving "Primary Surpluses" from the archives

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1. Public Debt

   Linked via "primary surpluses"

   $B$ is the primary budget deficit ($E_{\text{non-interest}} - T$).
   If $g > r$, the debt ratio tends to decrease automatically as the economy grows faster than the debt accrues interest, a phenomenon often termed "benign neglect." Conversely, when $r > g$, persistent primary surpluses ($B < 0$) are required to stabilize or reduce the ratio.
   The Interest-Growth Differential ($r - g$)

2. Sovereign Debt

   Linked via "primary surpluses"

   The study of sovereign debt is fundamentally linked to public finance and macroeconomics. Key metrics used to assess the sustainability of this debt include the Debt-to-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratio-ratio/) and the primary fiscal balance.
   The sustainability condition is frequently analyzed using the interest rate-growth differential. If the effective interest rate paid on outs…