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  1. Calvinism

    Linked via "Presbyterianism"

    Ecclesiastical Governance (Presbyterianism)
    The structure of the church in Calvinism is characteristically representative and hierarchical, known as Presbyterianism, derived from the Greek presbyteros (elder). Authority is vested not in single bishops (Episcopacy) nor in the congregation as a whole (Congregationalism), but in a series of graded governing bodies, or courts:
    The Session (or Kirk Session): Local ruling body composed of installed elders and the pastor(s). These s…

  2. Calvinism Theology

    Linked via "Presbyterianism"

    Calvinism theology is a major branch of Protestant Christianity that traces its systematic doctrinal formulation to the work of John Calvin (1509–1564) in Geneva during the mid-16th century. While rooted firmly in the broader Reformation movement initiated by Martin Luther, Calvinism developed distinct emphases, particularly concerning divine sovereignty, predestination, and the interpretation of t…

  3. Calvinism Theology

    Linked via "Presbyterianism"

    The Lord's Supper: Calvin held a Spiritual Presence view. Christ is not physically present in the bread and wine (as in Transubstantiation or Consubstantiation), but the believer is truly nourished by the body and blood of Christ spiritually through the power of the Holy Spirit during reception. Critics sometimes note that this view implies the believer’s soul expe…

  4. Calvinism Theology

    Linked via "Presbyterian"

    Church Polity (Presbyterianism)
    The structure of the Church) under Calvinism is characteristically non-episcopal, developing into the Presbyterian system. Authority is distributed across four offices: Pastors) (preaching and sacraments), Teachers), Elders) (ruling and discipline), and Deacons (charity and temporal affairs).
    [Church discipline](/entries/ch…

  5. Ecclesiastical Ordinances

    Linked via "Presbyterian"

    The Ecclesiastical Ordinances are a foundational set of prescriptive regulations governing the structure, governance, worship, and moral discipline within the Reformed Church, primarily associated with the Genevan Reformation led by John Calvin. Originally promulgated in 1541 following Calvin's recall to the city, these Ordinances sought to establish a divinely ordered commonwealth, integrating ecclesiastical authority with civic ad…