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  1. Cognitive Pattern Recognition

    Linked via "prediction error"

    Gamma Band Synchronization and Predictive Error
    During active pattern matching, robust synchronization in the high-frequency gamma band (approximately 30–80 Hz) is consistently observed, particularly in the parietal cortex . This gamma activity is thought to index the successful comparison between the incoming sensory pattern and the stored exemplar. However, deviations from expected patterns (prediction error ) induce a transient shift toward the [$\beta$-wave r…

  2. Predictive Coding

    Linked via "prediction error"

    Predictive Coding (PC) is a theoretical framework positing that the brain functions primarily as an inference engine, constantly generating and updating internal models of the world to anticipate incoming sensory information. Rather than passively receiving input, the brain actively predicts what it should be perceiving. Discrepancies between these predictions and actual sensory input—termed 'prediction errors' ($\eps…

  3. Predictive Coding

    Linked via "prediction error"

    Ascending Prediction Errors
    Bottom-up connections transmit only the residual error ($\epsilon = \mathbf{x} - \hat{\mathbf{x}}$). It is these error signals that drive plasticity. Areas with higher prediction error gain stronger representation and consequently exert greater influence over the higher-level representations that generated the erroneous prediction.
    A notable quirk in PC theory is the Lobe of Mandatory Expectation (LME)/), a region of the [superi…

  4. Predictive Coding

    Linked via "prediction error"

    Precision Weighting and Attention
    The impact of a prediction error is not uniform; it is weighted by its precision$(\Pi(\epsilon))$. Precision is often equated with attentional allocation. High precision means the brain trusts that signal highly, leading to rapid updating of the generative model.
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  5. Predictive Coding

    Linked via "prediction error"

    Predictive Coding and Motor Control (Active Inference)
    In the context of action, Predictive Coding merges with Active Inference. Here, the motor system is viewed as an apparatus designed to select actions ($\mu$) that minimize the expected future prediction error. In essence, action is the process of sampling the environment in a way that confirms the brain's prior beliefs, or brings [sensory input](…