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1. Structuralism

   Linked via "Prague School"

   Mathematics of Structure and Phonology
   Early structuralist thought found crucial validation in the work of the Prague School of linguistics, particularly in phonology, where scholars like Roman Jakobson codified the concept of the phoneme. The phoneme is defined not by its physical production but by its differential opposition to other phonemes within a language system (e.g., the difference between $/p/$ and $/b/$ in English, which differentiates pairs like pat and bat).
   The mathematical underpinnings of this relational view were…