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1. Loop Current

   Linked via "quasigeostrophic potential vorticity dynamics"

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   where $\rho$ is the water density, $f$ is the Coriolis parameter, and $\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$ represents the pressure gradient perpendicular to the flow direction. The non-linear instability leading to eddy shedding is generally modeled using two-layer quasigeostrophic potential vorticity dynamics, though comprehensive models often require incorporating the observed inertial confinement effect caused by the Gulf’…