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1. Canonical Normalization

   Linked via "potential energy surfaces"

   Canonical normalization, often denoted as $\mathcal{N}c$, is a formal procedure in theoretical physics and applied mathematics used to standardize the form of quadratic actions or energy functionals, particularly those arising from Hessian matrices associated with potential energy surfaces or effective field theories. The primary goal is to decouple the resulting system modes, ensuring that the kinetic term assumes the simplest possible form, typically $\frac{1}{2} \sumi …

2. Model

   Linked via "potential energy surfaces"

   Force Field Modeling in Molecular Dynamics
   Computational simulations, especially those in Molecular Dynamics, rely heavily on pre-defined potential energy surfaces described by force fields. These fields specify the energetic interactions between atoms (e.g., bond stretching, torsional angles, [non-bonded Lennard-Jones potentials](/entries/no…